Recent efforts by several researchers around the world to combine fractal geometry with
electromagnetic theory have led to a plethora of new and innovative antenna designs. In this …

A fractal is a recursively generated object having a fractional dimension. Many objects,
including antennas, can be designed using the recursive nature of a fractal. In this article, we …

The combination of fractal geometry with electromagnetic theory opens an interesting
window for research to find new antenna designs and applications. Fractal technology …

Fractal geometry involves a recursive generating methodology that results in contours with
infinitely intricate fine structures. This geometry, which has been used to model complex …

Fractal geometries have been used in science to mathematically define intriguing features
observed in nature, from describing the formation of clouds to coastlines to tree bark. It …

In mathematical definition, a fractal is a self-similar subset of Euclidean space whose fractal
dimension strictly exceeds its topological dimension which in turn involves a recursive …

The use of fractal geometries has significantly impacted many areas of science and
engineering; one of which is antennas. Antennas using some of these geometries for …

Fractal geometry has been proven to be useful in several disciplines. In the field of antenna
engineering, fractal geometry is useful to design small and multiband antenna and arrays …

Antennas and antenna arrays are essentially narrowband devices. Their characteristic size
determines their operating wavelength. Fractal structures, having no characteristic size and …

This paper relates for the first time, multiple resonant frequencies of fractal element antennas
using Koch curves to their fractal dimension. Dipole and monopole antennas based fractal …