Role of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients: A review on molecular mechanisms, immune functions, immunopathology and immunomodulatory drugs to …

AA Rabaan, SH Al-Ahmed, J Muhammad, A Khan… - Vaccines, 2021 - mdpi.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe pandemic of the current century. The vicious …

Diverse immunological factors influencing pathogenesis in patients with COVID-19: a review on viral dissemination, immunotherapeutic options to counter cytokine …

AA Rabaan, SH Al-Ahmed, MA Garout, AM Al-Qaaneh… - Pathogens, 2021 - mdpi.com
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still not fully unraveled. Though …

Targeting cytokine storm to manage patients with COVID-19: a mini-review

N Roshanravan, F Seif, A Ostadrahimi… - Archives of medical …, 2020 - Elsevier
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world.
Excessive immune responses trigger life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) …

Role of inflammatory markers in corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients: a review

J Upadhyay, N Tiwari… - Experimental Biology and …, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
The whole world is locked down due to the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019
(nCOVID-19). A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

Prospective roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: prognosis, therapeutic and management

Z Mohd Zawawi, J Kalyanasundram… - International journal of …, 2023 - mdpi.com
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a worldwide concern at the beginning of
2020 and has affected millions. Several previous studies revealed the impact of the …

Cytokine storm in COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and therapy

C Zanza, T Romenskaya, AC Manetti, F Franceschi… - Medicina, 2022 - mdpi.com
A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment

M Soy, G Keser, P Atagündüz, F Tabak… - Clinical …, 2020 - Springer
COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes
only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as …

The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19

L Yang, X Xie, Z Tu, J Fu, D Xu, Y Zhou - Signal transduction and …, 2021 - nature.com
Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis
and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a …

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cytokine storms for more effective treatments from an inflammatory pathophysiology

S Yokota, T Miyamae, Y Kuroiwa… - Journal of Clinical …, 2021 - mdpi.com
The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world and caused a global
pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 seems to have originated from bats as their reservoir hosts over …

Emerging aspects of cytokine storm in COVID-19: The role of proinflammatory cytokines and therapeutic prospects

R Dharra, AK Sharma, S Datta - Cytokine, 2023 - Elsevier
COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …