We present cross‐national analyses–both cross‐sectional and longitudinal–estimating the
vote shares for approximately 80 parties across Western Europe from 1984 to 1998. The …

A typical assumption of electoral models of party competition is that parties adopt policy
positions so as to maximize expected vote share. Here we use Euro-barometer survey data …

In recent years a lively debate has emerged concerning the empirical status of the traditional
proximity spatial model versus a directional model of voter choice. The central reason for this …

The standard Downsian spatial model cannot account for two, related, aspects of party
behavior in multiparty systems:(1) despite spatial modelers' disequilibrium results, parties' …

The spatial maps of parties' policy programmes published by the Manifesto Research Group
(MRG) for the European Consortium for Political Research reveal the following empirical …

Existing spatial models of multiparty spatial competition have difficulty accounting for two
related features of party behavior: that parties typically propose divergent policy programs …

Mixed-member electoral systems require voters simultaneously to cast ballots in single-
member districts (SMD) and multimember, proportional representation (PR) constituencies. It …

Building on the unfinished research program of Gudgin and Taylor (1979), we analytically
derive the linkage between a party's territorial distribution of support and the basic features …

In a seminal article, Cox (1990) suggested that electoral systems with larger district
magnitudes provide incentives for parties to advocate more extreme policy positions. In this …

How should party preferences of voters in a multiparty system be measured, compared and
aggregated? We use city block metric of distances between the pairwise comparisons of the …