Emotional labor can be defined as the degree of manipulation of one's inner feelings or
outward behavior to display the appropriate emotion in response to display rules or …

A growing body of literature has confirmed the deleterious effects of emotional labor on
service employees. The study adds to it by investigating two hypothesized antecedents to …

This article conceptualizes the emotional labor construct in terms of four dimensions:
frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required display rules, variety of …

The topic of emotions in the workplace is beginning to garner closer attention by researchers
and theorists. The study of emotional labor addresses the stress of managing emotions …

Managing emotions in the workplace, termed emotional labor (Hochschild, 1983), is
becoming increasingly important as the economy continues to become more service …

In this chapter, we cumulate the results of empirical research on the predictors and
outcomes of emotional labor. After a discussion of the definitions and operationalizations of …

This study conceptualizes emotional labor (namely, the display of emotions during service
interactions) in terms of frequency, duration, and emotional dissonance. To identify important …

Previous studies have used various external variables and parameters as well as moderator
variables such as emotional intelligence have been to understand emotional labor and its …

The exponential growth of the service economy has increased the attention that
organizational researchers have paid to the concept of emotional labor. Although much …

Although early research suggested that the performance of emotional labor had deleterious
effects on workers, recent empirical investigations have been equivocal. The performance of …