Immunological memory is the key source of protective immunity against pathogens. At the
current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous combinations of exposure to viral …

Immunological imprinting generically refers to the effects prior exposures have on
subsequent immune responses to, and eventually protection against, antigenically related …

Immune imprinting-also known as 'original antigenic sin'-describes how the first exposure to
a virus shapes the immunological outcome of subsequent exposures to antigenically related …

Immune imprinting describes how the first exposure to a virus shapes immunological
outcomes of subsequent exposures to antigenically related strains. Severe acute respiratory …

Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

Immune memory is tailored by cues that lymphocytes perceive during priming. The severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a situation in …

Many rigorous studies have shown that early childhood infections leave a lasting imprint on
the immune system. The understanding of this phenomenon has expanded significantly …

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, novel and traditional vaccine strategies have been
deployed globally. We investigated whether antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination …

Wang and colleagues show that immune imprinting impairs neutralizing antibody titers for
bivalent mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Imprinting from three …

The continuous emergence of highly immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants, like XBB. 1.51,
2 and XBB. 1.163, 4, highlights the need to update COVID-19 vaccine compositions …