What is the ethical rationale for enrolling human subjects in placebo-controlled trials when a
proven effective treatment exists for a given condition? A 2001 World Medical Association …

In their essay “What Makes Placebo-Controlled Trials Unethical?” Frank Miller and Howard
Brody (2002) argue that the ethical obligations in clinical research are different from those in …

A resilient issue in research ethics is whether and when a placebo-controlled trial (PCT) is
justified if it deprives research subjects of a recognized treatment. The clinicians' moral duty …

Jeremy Howick's (2009) article is a welcome contribution to ethical debate surrounding the
use of placebo-controlled clinical trials, because it approaches the issue from an unusual …

Miller and Brody (2002) have addressed the important problem of using placebo controls in
clinical studies when at least some believe that a safe and effective treatment already exists …

The leading ethical position on placebo-controlled clinical trials is that whenever proven
effective treatment exists for a given condition, it is unethical to test a new treatment for that …

Human subject trials of pharmaceuticals in low and middle income countries (LMICs) have
been associated with the moral wrong of exploitation on two grounds. First, these trials may …

Recognizing that the use of placebo controls cannot meet this standard when there is a
proven, effective therapy, Miller and Brody (2002) seek to dispense with the obligation of …

The use of placebo controls in clinical trials remains controversial. Ethical analysis and
international ethical guidance permit the use of placebo controls in randomized trials when …

The history of medicine reveals the need for clinical research. All too frequently,
interventions thought to be safe and effective by clinicians prove to be otherwise. The current …