Nowadays, the construction and application of underwater acoustic (UWA) networks has
received much focus in the research area of UWA communication. This paper constructed …

Complexity of underwater channel itself and high investment, high risk of field tests are
limitations of underwater acoustic communication technology development. For high …

Aiming at reducing the system complexity, raising communication rate and supporting
CDMA based applications, a direct sequence spread spectrum based underwater acoustic …

Spread spectrum techniques are used in communication systems to provide low probability
of intercept and jamming, to overcome the channel where the transmitted signal is distorted …

Underwater acoustic (UWA) multi-user network algorithms can only be fully tested through
experimental studies where communication signals are transmitted through a real …

In this paper, an underwater acoustic (UWA) channel model characterized by multipath
propagation, time-varying fading and additive Gaussian white noise (AWGN) is analyzed …

In this paper, multiple access technique for the physical layer of underwater acoustic (UWA)
networks is discussed. Considering the characteristics of acoustical channel and UWA …

Spread spectrum methods are used in underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems
to provide robust acoustic links or long distance communication abilities. However, the …

In recent years, researches of underwater sensor networks have continued to investigate
environment and resources of the sea. Acoustic waves are used instead of radio waves for …

The main characteristics of underwater acoustic (UWA) channel are Narrow bandwidth,
strong interference caused by multi-path and severe noise. At the same time, these …