Cytokine storm (CS) is a significant cause of death in patients with severe coronavirus
pneumonia. Excessive immune–inflammatory reaction, many inflammatory cell infiltration …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan,
China has dispersed rapidly worldwide. Although most patients present with mild fever …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. This …

The new coronavirus outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and
has turned out to be a global health emergency, affecting millions of people worldwide …

At present, there are seven known types of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), which can be
further divided into two categories: low pathogenic and highly pathogenic. The low …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus designated as severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread widely throughout the …

Cytokines are a diverse group of small molecule proteins or peptides that are secreted by
cells for the purpose of intercellular delivery signaling and communication, which play an …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …