Objective: Cognitive reserve refers to how individuals actively utilize neural resources to
cope with neuropathology to maintain cognitive functioning. The present review aims to …

Background: Bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve, protect against cognitive
decline, and delay the onset of dementia. Objective: We systematically reviewed evidence …

Cognitive reserve is characterized by a dissociation between cognitive level and brain
structure, thereby reducing the impact of deteriorating brain structure on cognitive function …

In recent years bilingualism has been linked to both advantages in executive control and
positive impacts on aging. Such positive cognitive effects of bilingualism have been …

The decline of cognitive skills throughout healthy or pathological aging can be slowed down
by experiences which foster cognitive reserve (CR). Recently, some studies on Alzheimer's …

A large body of research has indicated that bilingualism–through continual practice in
language control–may impact cognitive functions, as well as relevant aspects of brain …

Background Evidence from previous studies suggests that bilingualism contributes to
cognitive reserve because bilinguals manifest the first symptoms of Alzheimer's disease …

Cognitive advantages for bilinguals have inconsistently been observed in different
populations, with different operationalisations of bilingualism, cognitive performance, and …

Within the current debates on cognitive reserve, cognitive ageing and dementia increasingly
showing a positive effect of mental, social and physical activities on health in older age …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …