Factors that increase the risk of cancer during adult life may also increase the risk of cancer
when they act in utero (eg, ionising radiation and diethylstilboestrol in human beings and …

Intrauterine exposure to high concentrations of endogenous pregnancy oestrogens may be
important in the aetiology of breast cancer. In a nested case-control study we have assessed …

Background Oestrogen is an established growth factor in breast cancer. There has,
therefore, been much discussion about whether women should be advised against …

THERE is considerable evidence that endocrine fea-tures contribute to the aetiology and
pathogenesis of breast cancer, but despite extensive investigation the hormonal …

Experimental studies have shown that, when combinations of the oestrogen fractions are
administered, the net effect is influenced by the relative amounts of the several fractions as …

Background Phyto-oestrogens are a group of naturally occurring chemicals derived from
plants; they have a structure similar to oestrogen, and form part of our diet. They also have …

Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Rates vary
about five-fold around the world, but they are increasing in regions that until recently had low …

As part of an international collaborative study an attempt has been made to identify and
interview all cases of female breast cancer coming to medical attention for the first time in …

Breast cancer in women under 30 years old carries a poor prognosis, for reasons that have
not been identified. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors in this age group. Special …

It is suspected that diet influences the risk of getting breast cancer. A study of diet and breast
cancer was done among 200 Singapore Chinese women with histologically confirmed …