Purpose: This study compared the immediate effects of smoking on cardiorespiratory
responses to dynamic arm and leg exercises. Methods: This randomized crossover study …

To determine the acute action of cigarette smoking on cardiorespiratory function under
stress, the immediate effects of cigarette smoking on the ventilatory, gas exchange, and …

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of active and passive
smoking on cardiorespiratory responses in asymptomatic adults during a sub-maximal …

This study aimed to identify differences in the acute cardio-respiratory, metabolic and
perceptual responses between exercise performed on the treadmill and on the cycle …

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare respiratory responses, focusing on the time-
domain variability of ventilatory components during progressive cardiopulmonary exercise …

Purpose One of the most important consequences of smoking is the development of
cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the early consequences of smoking …

This study investigated the effects of different exercise interventions on cardiopulmonary
function in male tobacco-dependent college students. Forty-five male tobacco-dependent …

Purpose: Growing evidence suggests that respiratory frequency (f R) is a marker of physical
effort and a variable sensitive to changes in exercise tolerance. The comparison between …

To assess the acute effect of cigarette smoking on physiologic response to graded exercise,
eight physical education students were tested. The protocol included running on a treadmill …

Background Habitual physical activity (PA) is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness
values, but additional information is needed on the contributions of specific types and …