Brain cells normally respond adaptively to oxidative stress or bioenergetic challenges,
resulting from ongoing activity in neuronal circuits. During aging and in neurodegenerative …

Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete
understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors …

Oxidative stress (OS), caused by the imbalance between the generation and detoxification of
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), plays an important role in brain aging …

As part of the blood-brain-barrier, astrocytes are ideally positioned between cerebral
vasculature and neuronal synapses to mediate nutrient uptake from the systemic circulation …

Converging evidence made clear that declining brain energetics contribute to aging and are
implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as …

Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that begins at conception and continues until
death. This process leads to a decrease in homeostasis and morphological, biochemical …

The main pathological feature of the neurodegenerative diseases is represented by
neuronal death that represents the final step of a cascade of adverse/hostile events. Early in …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure …

The human body is highly complex and comprises a variety of living cells and extracellular
material, which forms tissues, organs, and organ systems. Human cells tend to turn over …