This article retrospects the studies of the predictability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) events within the framework of error growth dynamics and reviews the results of …

This article retrospects the studies of the predictability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) events within the framework of error growth dynamics and reviews the results of …

Most state‐of‐the‐art climate models have difficulty in the prediction of El Niño‐Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) starting from preboreal spring seasons. The causes of this spring …

In this chapter, we investigate the dynamics of nonlinear error growth in El Niño
predictability. The characteristics of the initial errors that cause a significant “spring …

With the intermediate‐complexity Zebiak–Cane model, we investigate the 'spring
predictability barrier'(SPB) problem for El Niño events by tracing the evolution of conditional …

Abstract The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon—the dominant source of
climate variability on seasonal to multi‐year timescales—is predictable a few seasons in …

Abstract The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model is
used to study the “spring predictability barrier”(SPB) problem for El Niño events from the …

Abstract Responses of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming remain
uncertain, which challenges ENSO forecasts in a warming climate. We investigate changes …

Within a theoretical ENSO model, the authors investigated whether or not the errors
superimposed on model parameters could cause a significant “spring predictability …

Based on an ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) ensemble prediction system (EPS), the
seasonal variations in the predictability of ENSO are examined in both a deterministic and a …