The continuous positioning of a mobile user equipment (MU) in a prompt way is a
fundamental requirement in several indoor applications related to ubiquitous computation …

In 2007, Youssef et al. introduced the concept of passive indoor localization by using the
difference in the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for communication between Wi-Fi …

Received signal strength (RSS) based fingerprinting localization technique has been
researched widely for the indoor location based services (LBSs) in recent years. However …

In recent years, the growing demand for indoor location services has prompted the
development of indoor positioning technology. The indoor positioning technology based on …

With the development of fingerprinting-based visual localization technology, a problem with
this method is standing out, which is it takes great expenses in fingerprint collection …

Visible light communications (VLC) based indoor positioning is a promising approach to
serve an increasing need for location-aware services. Received signal strength (RSS) …

Techniques for indoor positioning systems (IPSs) can be categorised as range‐based or
range‐free. Range‐based methods rely on geometric mappings to approximate a location …

Indoor positioning estimation has become an attractive research topic due to the growing
interest in location-aware services. Many research works have been proposed on solving …

As WiFi technology becomes more widespread and integrated, precise location tracking
within complex indoor environments is gaining significance in contemporary public spaces …

The Visible Light Indoor Positioning System (VLIPS) has been a popular research area
recently. In VL-IPS, many localization methods have been proposed by leveraging the …