Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow emission is believed to be produced by synchrotron
emission of electrons accelerated to high energy by a relativistic collisionless shock …

Motivated by the detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma rays deep in the afterglow
emission of a gamma-ray burst (GRB), we revisit predictions of the maximum energy to …

Collisionless shocks are commonly argued to be the sites of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration.
We study the influence of CRs on weakly magnetized relativistic collisionless shocks and …

Cosmic rays accelerated by a shock form a streaming distribution of outgoing particles in the
foreshock region. If the ambient fields are negligible compared to the shock and cosmic ray …

The afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is usually interpreted as synchrotron
radiation from electrons accelerated at the GRB external shock that propagates with …

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most electromagnetically luminous cosmic explosions.
They are powered by collimated streams of plasma (jets) ejected by a newborn stellar-mass …

Synchrotron emission is believed to be a major radiation mechanism during gamma-ray
bursts'(GRBs) prompt emission phase. A significant drawback of this assumption is that the …

It is well known that collisionless shocks are major sites of particle acceleration in the
universe, but the details of the acceleration process are still not well understood. The particle …

Using gamma-ray burst (GRB) radio afterglow observations, we calculate the fraction of
shocked plasma energy in the magnetic field in relativistic collisionless shocks (ϵ B). We …

Many previous studies have determined that the long lasting emission at X-ray, optical and
radio wavelengths from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), called the afterglow, is likely produced by …