There is increasing evidence that inflammatory (M1-polarized) macrophages drive the
nonresolving neuroinflammation that causes neuropathic pain after nerve injury. As …

Inflammatory macrophages play a fundamental role in neuropathic pain. In this study, we
demonstrate the effects of peripheral interleukin-13 (IL-13) on neuropathic pain after partial …

Chronic pain is a major comorbidity of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that
the cytokine IL-1β, which is abundantly produced during multiple sclerosis (MS), arthritis …

Background During the inflammation which occurs following nerve damage, macrophages
are recruited to the site of injury. Phenotypic diversity is a hallmark of the macrophage …

IL-4 is a pleiotropic antiinflammatory cytokine, which can be neuroprotective after nervous
system injury. The beneficial actions of IL-4 are thought to result from the blunting of action of …

In the present study, we investigated the role of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1α
(MIP-1α) in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain following partial sciatic nerve ligation …

The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury are not well
understood. Inflammatory responses in injured nerves are likely to be key contributing …

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory
and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by …

Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is involved in a wide range of inflammatory disorders and in
recruitment of inflammatory cells to injury sites. A recent study of IL-17 knock-out mice …

IL-1β and TNF are potential targets in the management of neuropathic pain after injury.
However, the importance of the IL-1 and TNF systems for peripheral nerve regeneration and …