The nuclear proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun, are induced in response to a diverse array of
extracellular stimuli. Their protein products, Fos and Jun, form a heterodimeric complex that …

The AP-2 transcription factors are required for normal growth and morphogenesis during
mammalian development. Previous in vitro studies have also indicated that the AP-2 family …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure of the cellular and retroviral jun
genes and their relationship to other transcriptional regulators. The interaction between the …

Retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of B16 mouse melanoma cells, which is
accompanied by an increase in protein kinase Cα (PKCα) as well as a selective enrichment …

In human ovarian carcinomas, the p53 tumor‐suppressor gene is frequently mutated.
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in these tumors is known to stimulate tumor‐cell proliferation. In order to …

Abstract Activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 is a member of the ATF/cyclic AMP-
responsive element binding protein family of transcription factors. It has been shown, in vitro …

The AP-1 transcription factor is activated by oncogenic signal transduction cascades and its
function is critical for both mitogenesis and carcinogenesis. To define the role of AP-1 in the …

Abstract AP-1 and NF-κB are rapidly activated during liver regeneration. Whether these
parallel inductions have potential functional implications is not known. Isolated rat …

The roles of the mitogen‐activated kinase protein (MAPK) pathway, nuclear factor‐kappa B
(NF‐κB), and activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) in cellular responses to growth factors and mitogen …

The transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) is required for transformation by many
oncogenes, which function upstream of it in the growth factor-ras signal transduction …