Females and males show clear differences in their susceptibility to many diseases, notably
autoimmune diseases and malignancies, but also certain infectious diseases 1. In addition …

Bidirectional interactions between the immune system and the nervous system are
increasingly appreciated as playing a pathogenic role in chronic pain. Unraveling the …

Background Pain is the leading cause of disability in osteoarthritis (OA), but the correlations
between structural changes of the joint and functional changes in pain-related outcomes …

Abstract Purpose of Review Chronic pain in osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pain
sensitization, which involves both peripheral and central mechanisms. Studies suggest …

All experimental models of osteoarthritis (OA)-like joint damage are accompanied by
behaviors indicative of pain. In experimental knee OA, evoked pain responses to …

Chronic pain is a substantial personal and societal burden worldwide. Osteoarthritis (OA) is
one of the leading causes of chronic pain and is increasing in prevalence in accordance …

Both inflammatory and degenerative diseases of joints are major causes of chronic pain.
This overview addresses the clinical problem of joint pain, the nociceptive system of the …

The innate immune system is increasingly appreciated to play an important role in the
mediation of chronic pain, and one molecule implicated in this process is the Toll-like …

To date, the mechanisms underlying how neuroimmune interactions contribute to sex
dimorphism of chronic pain remain elusive. Although women suffer from chronic pain at …

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that often emerges as a clinical symptom of
inflammatory diseases. It has therefore been widely accepted that the immune system …