The functional decline in T cells during their chronic stimulation, commonly referred to as T
cell exhaustion, is a major limitation for current immunotherapy approaches. As modern …

Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms
promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell–based therapies for …

Chronic antigen stimulation leads to T cell exhaustion. Nutrient restrictions and other
suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment further exacerbate T cell dysfunction …

T cell responses must be balanced to ensure adequate protection against malignant
transformation and an array of pathogens while also limiting damage to healthy cells and …

Immunotherapy has been a remarkable clinical advancement in the treatment of cancer. T
cells are pivotal to the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies, including immune …

Highlights•Hyporesponsive T cells in cancer and chronic infection have unique and shared
features.•Heterogeneity of hyporesponsive T cells is determined by spatiotemporal …

Prolonged exposure of CD8+ T cells to their cognate antigen can result in exhaustion of
effector functions enabling the persistence of infected or transformed cells. Recent advances …

The appropriate activation of the adaptive immune system relies upon the reprogramming of
naïve T cells into specialized effector T cells that can combat pathogens and tumors. Naïve T …

Tumor immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced
cancers. T cells are key mediators of antitumor function that specifically recognize and react …

Introduction: T cell functions are altered during chronic viral infections and tumor
development. This is mainly manifested by significant changes in T cells' epigenetic and …