Antigen tests or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are currently COVID-19
diagnostic tools. However, developing complementary diagnosis tools is mandatory. Thus …

Introduction In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), inflammation takes center stage, with a
cascade of cytokines released, contributing to both inflammation and lung damage. The …

Purpose Cytokines are major mediators of COVID-19 pathogenesis and several of them are
already being regarded as predictive markers for the clinical course and outcome of COVID …

Background Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients requires simultaneous
management of oxygenation and inflammation without compromising viral clearance. While …

Background COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome-Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients with this disease may be more prone …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving infectious/inflammatory
disorder which has turned into a global pandemic. With severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Background Recent studies proposed the whole-blood based IFN-γ-release assay to study
the antigen-specific SARS-CoV-2 response. Since the early prediction of disease …

BACKGROUND. Identifying immune correlates of COVID-19 disease severity is an urgent
need for clinical management, vaccine evaluation, and drug development. Here, we present …

Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in Wuhan, December 2019, and …

In Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed.
Here, we have investigated whether common patterns of cytokines could be detected in …