Conspectus In the past several decades, electrochemical machining (ECM) has enjoyed the
reputation of a powerful technique in the manufacturing industry. Conventional ECM …

Historically electrochemistry plays an important role in the machinery processing industry,
especially for hard-to-machine materials and profiled structures. Nowadays, the challenge …

Free of tool wear, residual stress, and surface damage, electrochemical nanomachining
(ECNM) plays an irreplaceable role in advanced manufacturing, via the production of ultra …

Electrochemical fabrication of functional three-dimensional micro/nanostructures (3D-MNSs)
at the wafer scale is important in the semiconductor industry, but it involves complex …

Micro/nano-machining (MNM) is becoming the cutting-edge of high-tech manufacturing
because of the increasing industrial demand for supersmooth surfaces and functional three …

The confined etchant layer technique (CELT) has been proved an effective electrochemical
microfabrication method since its first publication at Faraday Discussions in 1992. Recently …

Considering exponential dependence of currents on double-layer voltage and the feedback
effect of the electrolyte resistance, a distance effect in electrochemical micromachining is …

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of the most important instrumental
methods of modern electrochemistry due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. We …

High-quality products come from high-quality instrument. We present here an optimized
instrument for electrochemical micromachining, in which a granite bridge base, a macro …

Three-dimensional microstructures were fabricated and duplicated on copper and nickel
substrates, respectively, using a confined etchant layer technique (CELT). The key feature of …