Failure of treatments based on the cytokine storm theory of sepsis: time for a novel approach

EJ Giamarellos-Bourboulis - Immunotherapy, 2013 - Taylor & Francis
Several randomized, placebocontrolled clini cal trials (RCTs) have been conducted over the
last 20 years enrolling more than 15,000 patients in total to evaluate the survival benefit …

The failure of clinical trials in sepsis: challenges of clinical trial design

JC Marshall - Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 1999 - Springer
More than two dozen well-designed, randomized, controlled phase II or III clinical trials,
published over the past 15 years, have tested the hypothesis that modulating the host …

Cytokine therapeutics for the treatment of sepsis: why has nothing worked?

DG Remick - Current pharmaceutical design, 2003 - ingentaconnect.com
Several clinical trials have attempted to treat sepsis by blocking certain aspects of the
inflammatory response. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 have been specific targets …

The “failure” of clinical trials in sepsis

J Cohen - Current Opinion in Critical Care, 1999 - journals.lww.com
It is a phrase that has become painfully familiar, intoned not only in the ivory towers of
academia but equally in the biotech boardrooms. In the last 10 years, approximately 20 …

Design of clinical trials in sepsis: problems and pitfalls.

RG Finch - The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1998 - academic.oup.com
The pathophysiology of sepsis has been studied intensively in recent years and a variety of
opportunities for therapeutic intervention have been identified. A number of biological …

The failure of clinical trials in sepsis: Challenges of pre-clinical models

D Creery, JC Marshall - Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 1999 - Springer
Perhaps no clinical problem lacking effective therapy has been as extensively studied as
sepsis. A MEDLINE search under the MESH heading,“sepsis”, currently yields more than …

Critical evaluation of the design and conduct of previous clinical trials in sepsis

CJ Fisher, DJ Cook - Clinical trials for the treatment of sepsis, 1995 - Springer
Sepsis is the clinical manifestation of the host-derived systemic inflammatory response
resulting from invasive infection. Sepsis begins with a nidus of infection, frequently gram …

Clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies in severe sepsis and septic shock

JL Vincent, Q Sun, MJ Dubois - Clinical infectious diseases, 2002 - academic.oup.com
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality in critically ill patients. Increased
insight into the complexities of this disease process has resulted in the targeting of various …

Potential treatment of sepsis syndrome with cytokine-specific agents

JW Christman - Chest, 1992 - journal.chestnet.org
A prevailing hypothesis is that at low levels cytokines perform important homeostatic actions
that regulate immunologic and physiologic events. At higher concentrations, cytokines can …

The 'cytokine profile': a code for sepsis

L Ulloa, KJ Tracey - Trends in molecular medicine, 2005 - cell.com
Sepsis–the most common cause of death in hospitalized patients–affects over 18 million
people worldwide and has an expected 1% increase of incidence per year. Recent clinical …