The immunomodulatory adjuvant and antihelminth levamisole is increasingly used as an
adulterant in cocaine worldwide. An accumulating body of clinical and toxicological literature …

Levamisole is a pharmaceutical with anthelminthic and immunomodulatory properties that
was previously used in both animals and humans to treat inflammatory conditions and …

More than three fourths of cocaine users in the United States are exposed to levamisole; a
significant minority of these individuals will develop autoimmune-mediated neutropenia …

Discovered in the 1960s, the common anthelminthic levamisole has seen widespread use in
veterinary applications. Its use rapidly expanded thereafter to include human medical …

Levamisole, a veterinary antihelminthic, was recently recognized as an adulterant in cocaine
and is known to cause severe adverse reactions in some cocaine users. Because of the …

Background: A wide variety of somatic complications is reported or expected among cocaine
users because of the adulterant levamisole. Most of the reports come from North America …

Levamisole has been identified as a cocaine adulterant in the United States since 2002.
Although there is a variation in the percentage of levamisole in cocaine samples between …

Levamisole is an immunomodulatory agent that was used to treat various cancers before
being withdrawn from the United States market in 2000 because of adverse effects …

The United States Public Health Service Administration is alerting medical professionals that
a substantial percentage of cocaine imported into the United States is adulterated with …

Levamisole has increasingly been discovered in street cocaine as an adulterant. Recent
reports have linked levamisole in street cocaine to agranulocytosis in cocaine users. It is …