Flight control in insects is heavily dependent on vision. Thus, in dim light, the decreased
reliability of visual signal detection also prompts consequences for insect flight. We have an …

Birds are assumed to use half of their cones (double cones) to detect fine spatial detail while
their other half (single cones) is used for color vision. However, the spatial resolution of the …

Bird colour vision is mediated by single cones, while double cones and rods mediate
luminance vision in bright and dim light, respectively. In daylight conditions, birds use colour …

Nocturnal Sphingidae (hawkmoths or sphinx moths) are important pollinators in tropical
forests. Hawkmoth flowers are typically white to the human eye. As the retinas of hawkmoths …

Colour constancy is the perceptual phenomenon that the colour of an object appears largely
unchanged, even if the spectral composition of the illuminating light changes. Colour …

Animals are thought to use achromatic signals to detect small (or distant) objects and
chromatic signals for large (or nearby) objects. While the spatial resolution of the achromatic …

The visual ecology of flies is outstanding among insects due to a combination of specific
attributes. Flies' compound eyes possess an open rhabdom and thus separate rhabdomeres …

The exploitation of polarized light may increase perceived visual contrast independent of
spectrum and intensity and thus have adaptive value in forest habitats, where illumination …

Many animals have the potential to discriminate nonspectral colors. For humans, purple is
the clearest example of a nonspectral color. It is perceived when two color cone types in the …

Many visual animals exploit spectral information for seeking food and mates, for identifying
preys and predators, and for navigation. Animals use chromatic information in two …