Remodelling of the periodontium after application of mechanical forces constitutes the basis
of clinical orthodontics and various immunoregulatory molecules are involved in this …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are
proinflammatory cytokines that are thought to play a role in bone remodeling, bone …

Structured Abstract Objectives Investigate the expression and activity of inflammatory
markers in response to different magnitudes of orthodontic forces and correlate this …

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is achieved by alveolar bone remodelling
induced by mechanical loading. Whilst interleukin-1 (IL-1) is directly involved in OTM, the …

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α), are believed to play a role in the biological processes involved in the course of …

During orthodontic treatment, the early response of periodontal tissues to mechanical stress
involves several metabolic changes that allow tooth movement. The aim of the present study …

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical loading induces remodeling of the periodontal ligament and
the alveolar bone and is mediated by cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we …

A host-derived neutrophil-activating cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted mainly by
monocytes and is considered to be important in regulating alveolar bone resorption during …

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the involvement of
immunocompetent cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and HSP, to evaluate a change of …

Cytokines are important signaling proteins that are liberated during immune challenges and
exhibit many modulatory activities. However, their role in periodontal modeling during …