The classic trace elements Fe, 0, F, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Se and Cr are essential
components of nutrition. Humans and animals need between 0.1 and 100 mg/l< g ration dry …

Although markedly different in their chemistry, mode of action, and effective levels, the newer
essential trace elements have in common that they were first known for their toxic actions in …

Reference values are proposed for the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo,
Pb, Se and Zn in whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver and hair from adult human …

Essential minerals, including the trace elements, are inorganic elements (see Figure 11.1)
that have a physiological function within the body. These must be supplied in the diet (food …

Trace elements often have a bimodal or even a trimodal effect. Severe deficiency of certain
trace metals can result in death or severe crippling of an animal or in birth defects of the …

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Information which has been acquired in recent years has thrown much light on certain
disease conditions of persons and animals which were formerly poorly understood. The …

In the last two decades great progress has been made in discovering the need for trace
elements, with chromium, silicon, vanadium, fluorine, tin, and nickel added to the probably …

This chapter presents an overview of the principal essential trace elements, covering their
chemical characteristics, basic roles in human health, dietary origins (from food and …

The nutritional importance of each of the mineral elements reviewed in this chapter is
considered limited, unclear, or speculative. Three elements can be considered essential for …