COVID-19 is characterized by virus-induced injury leading to multi-organ failure, together
with inflammatory reaction, endothelial cell (EC) injury, and prothrombotic coagulopathy with …

Abstract Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving health crisis caused by
the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a novel …

Background Animal models and few clinical reports suggest the involvement of the
complement system in the onset of severe manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019 …

In March 2020, the World health organization reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) as a pandemic. 1 Khan et al, 2020, in their systemic review about positive COVID-19 …

COVID-19 has been primarily identified as a respiratory infection characterized by signs and
symptoms associated with the dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This is …

Early and persistent activation of complement is considered to play a key role in the
pathogenesis of COVID-19. Complement activation products orchestrate a proinflammatory …

Background Excessive activation of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) is considered to be related to disease severity, complications, and mortality rate …

SARS-CoV-2 is a devastating virus that induces a range of immunopathological
mechanisms including cytokine storm, apoptosis, inflammation and complement and …

Pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a significantly higher risk of maternal
death, ICU admission, preterm delivery, and stillbirth compared to those without infection …

Infections with SARS-CoV-2 cause damage to the lung alveoli and microvascular
endothelium via a process referred to as thromboinflammation. Although not alone in being …