An MAN (metropolitan area network) architecture is described which is a hybrid two-level
switching-hierarchy using distributed switching at the lower level and centralized switching …

A description is given of AT&T's nationwide synchronization network along with a tutorial on
the importance of and need of synchronization. The primary reference clock (PRC) is …

A brief description is given of synchronous and plesiochronous digital networks, with
discussion of slip rate performance requirements. Various methods of synchronization are …

The authors discuss the classification of a large variety of multimedia communication
applications (with the emphasis on broadband and hypermedia applications), the …

The key features of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and asynchronous transfer
mode (ATM) standards for the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) public …

Asynchronous time division multiplexing (ATDM) is a technique for sharing a transmission
line by carrying user data in small fixed-size cells, usually no larger than 64 bytes. The …

Frame relaying is a new CCITT-recommended packet mode bearer service in ISDNs for data
communications. Its major characteristics are out-of-band call control and link layer …

A shared-medium networking approach based on an asynchronous transfer mode ring
(ATMR) scheme is proposed for constructing broadband networks such as high-speed local …

Recent reference clock distribution technologies are reviewed. Performance concepts and
specification methodologies for synchronization system designs are then summarized. The …

This paper examines the network timing and synchronization requirements for various
network topologies. Both centralized and decentralized topologies are considered. Although …