The goal of this chapter is to cover Sign Language preliminaries and a global survey of Sign
Language Machine Translation Systems with particular reference to Indian Sign Language …

Abstract Language is the primary means of communication used by every individual. It is a
tool to express greater ideas of ideas and emotions. It shapes thoughts and carries …

An equal opportunity for all is the basic right of every human being. The deaf society of the
world needs to have access to all the information just like hearing people do. For this to …

Sign language, often termed “dactylology,” is a mode of communication for those who are
hard of hearing. With over 2.5 billion people projected to have hearing loss by 2050, there …

More than 466 million people suffer from hearing disability comprising of 34 million children
and 432 million adults worldwide. People of deaf community are mostly in an uncomfortable …

Machine translation has been a prominent field of research, contributing significantly to
human life enhancement. Sign language machine translation, a subfield, focuses on …

The hearing challenged communities all over the world face difficulties to communicate with
others. Machine translation has been one of the prominent technologies to facilitate …

Hearing Impaired individuals routinely encounter limitations in their involvement in social
interactions, access to intriguing information, and participation in everyday activities, among …

Abstract Sign Languages (SLs) are employed by deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people to
communicate on a daily basis. However, the communication with hearing people still faces …

One of the most crucial tools for connecting with others is communication. Effective
communication skills can smooth our path and improve our interactions with people in our …