The search for an appropriate balance between the efficiency of the Community legal
system and judicial protection of individual rights is a theme which seems to permeate the …

The purpose of this article is to discuss enforcement of Community law rights before national
courts and the remedies available to private individuals who have their rights infringed. This …

The Court of Justice has always attracted considerable attention in literature on European
law. With only a slight exaggeration, one might say that the Court is the European lawyers' …

From the system of the EC Treaty it follows that the national courts are to a large extent
responsible for the application and enforcement of EC law and for judicial protection in …

Much has been said about the alleged judicial activism of the Court of Justice. Some
commentators have levelled strong criticism at the Court, pointing to a number of basic …

1. What have the organizers in mind when referring to the European ambitions of the
national judiciary? I would imagine those ambitions will go beyond the normal role of …

The case law of the Court of Justice is exerting a steadily increasing influence on the
manner in which the national courts reach judgments to which Community law applies. In …

The judgments of the Community judicature are often subject to intense scrutiny by the
media and by academic writers. The European Court of Justice, in particular, is regularly …

The general approach of this section continues to be to review the judicial developments of
the European Court of Justice (ECJ) through cases which add to the body of Community law …

The Court of Justice of the European Communities (ECJ) has the final authority concerning
the interpretation of the EC Treaty and other EU legislation (EC Treaty, Art. 234). For this …