The development of information technologies and e-commerce has allowed many
companies to set up online platforms to sell their products in dual-channel supply chain (SC) …

This paper considers a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) where a
manufacturer can distribute new products through an independent retailer and sell …

Purpose The online direct selling mode has been widely accepted by enterprises in the O2O
era. However, the dual-channel (online/offline, forward/backward) operations of the closed …

Remanufacturing is a recovery process that transforms a used product into a “like-new”
product, which usually comes with a warranty similar to that of the new product. Many …

The implications of dual sales channels (direct and traditional retail channels) and closed-
loop supply chains (CLSCs) have been well recognized in the literature and in practice. In …

This paper considers a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a third
party in which the manufacturer licenses the third party to undertake remanufacturing …

This study aims to provide a clear understanding of the interaction between forward and
reverse processes in a closed-loop supply chain based on a comprehensive model, which …

The rapid pace of e-commerce development has resulted in several manufacturers selling
their products online to stay competitive and increase accessibility to their products. This …

Managers broadly agree that the entry of third-party remanufacturers (TPRs) is detrimental to
original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and social planners broadly agree that a …

This paper deals a closed-loop supply chain with two dual channels–forward dual-channel
where a manufacturer sells a product to customers through traditional retail channel and e …