Role of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients: A review on molecular mechanisms, immune functions, immunopathology and immunomodulatory drugs to …

AA Rabaan, SH Al-Ahmed, J Muhammad, A Khan… - Vaccines, 2021 - mdpi.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe pandemic of the current century. The vicious …

T cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID‐19

XH Luo, Y Zhu, J Mao, RC Du - Scandinavian journal of …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia
and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought …

[HTML][HTML] Autoimmunity as the comet tail of COVID-19 pandemic

R Talotta, E Robertson - World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2020 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can give rise to
different clinical manifestations that are directly related to viral tissue damage or indirectly …

COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options

S Felsenstein, JA Herbert, PS McNamara… - Clinical …, 2020 - Elsevier
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 causes COVID-19, a pandemic threatening millions. As
protective immunity does not exist in humans and the virus is capable of escaping innate …

Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

M Catanzaro, F Fagiani, M Racchi, E Corsini… - Signal transduction and …, 2020 - nature.com
To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

The longitudinal immune response to coronavirus disease 2019: chasing the cytokine storm

AS Chau, AG Weber, NI Maria, S Narain… - Arthritis & …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
The clinical progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection,
coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19), to critical illness is associated with an exaggerated immune …

[PDF][PDF] The innate immune system: fighting on the front lines or fanning the flames of COVID-19?

JL McKechnie, CA Blish - Cell host & microbe, 2020 - cell.com
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has had
devastating global impacts and will continue to have dramatic effects on public health for …

COVID-19 as an acute inflammatory disease

RH Manjili, M Zarei, M Habibi… - The journal of immunology, 2020 - journals.aai.org
Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented …

Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent

A Mazzoni, L Salvati, L Maggi… - The Journal of …, 2020 - Am Soc Clin Investig
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease
caused by SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral immune response is crucial to achieve pathogen …

Cytokine storm and the prospects for immunotherapy with COVID-19.

LH Calabrese - Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2020 - europepmc.org
Knowledge about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 as it interacts with immune defenses is
limited. SARS-CoV-2 is spread by droplets that come into contact with mucous membranes …