The factors responsible for the spectrum of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) disease severity and
the genesis and nature of protective immunity against COVID-19 remain elusive. Multiple …

The deadly pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents one of the greatest threats humanity has …

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the
basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and …

The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three
fundamental components of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting …

The timing of the development of specific adaptive immunity after natural SARS-CoV-2
infection, and its relevance in clinical outcome, has not been characterized in depth …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), caused by the novel coronavirus severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can range in severity from …

SARS-CoV-2 is a new beta coronavirus, similar to SARS-CoV-1, that emerged at the end of
2019 in the Hubei province of China. It is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Both SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccines induce robust immune responses. Current data
suggested that high neutralizing antibody titers with sustained Th1 responses might …

The characterization of cell‐mediated and humoral adaptive immune responses to SARS‐
CoV‐2 is fundamental to understand COVID‐19 progression and the development of …