Denser deployment of 5G heterogeneous ultra-dense network (H-UDN) leads to more
frequent handovers, which causes higher cross-tier handover failure rate. Thus, the …

The number of mobile users has exponentially grown over the past years, and these users
have the desire of always being connected wirelessly at any time anywhere, to the best …

With the explosive increase in traffic volume in fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless
networks, an ultra-dense network (UDN) architecture, composed of highly concentrated …

Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) appears as one of the most potential solutions for Fifth
Generation (5G) mobile networks. It provides flexible and ubiquitous wireless connections to …

Ultra‐dense small cell (SC) deployment in the future 5G network makes the architecture of
the network as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This is a good solution to boost the …

Ultra-densification is a key approach aimed at satisfying high data traffic in next-generation
5G networks. However, the high number of small cell eNB deployments in such ultra-dense …

The traditional handover decision methods depend on the handover threshold and
measurement reports, which cannot efficiently resolve the frequent handover issue and ping …

Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) are considered as key 5G technologies. They provide mobile
users a high transmission rate and efficient radio resource management. However, UDNs …

The evolution of 5G small cell networks has led to the advancement of vertical handover
decision-making algorithms. A mobile terminal (MT) tends to move from one place to another …

To satisfy future service demands, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) including 5G new
radio (NR), 4G long term evolution (LTE), and wireless local area network (WLAN) must …