In mathematical definition, a fractal is a self-similar subset of Euclidean space whose fractal
dimension strictly exceeds its topological dimension which in turn involves a recursive …

The combination of fractal geometry with electromagnetic theory opens an interesting
window for research to find new antenna designs and applications. Fractal technology …

With the advance of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other
wireless applications, wideband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both …

The use of fractal geometries has significantly impacted many areas of science and
engineering; one of which is antennas. Antennas using some of these geometries for …

Recent efforts by several researchers around the world to combine fractal geometry with
electromagnetic theory have led to a plethora of new and innovative antenna designs. In this …

Wireless applications, particularly with multiple resonances, put new demands on antennas
pertaining to size, gain, efficiency, bandwidth, and more. One promising approach in this …

Fractal geometry has been proven to be useful in several disciplines. In the field of antenna
engineering, fractal geometry is useful to design small and multiband antenna and arrays …

Fractal geometry involves a recursive generating methodology that results in contours with
infinitely intricate fine structures. This geometry, which has been used to model complex …

The design of multiband and small antennas has been a challenging problem in the field of
electromagnetics engineering for decades. Basically, the problem is that the overall size of …

The comprehensive review of hybrid fractal antenna (HFA) has been presented in this
article. Distinguished researchers have designed, analyzed, and investigated numerous …