The role of cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections

RJ Hsu, WC Yu, GR Peng, CH Ye, SY Hu… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

Overview of the pathogenesis of COVID‑19

C Li, Q He, H Qian, J Liu - … and Therapeutic Medicine, 2021 - spandidos-publications.com
At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has not
been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID …

A cytokine super cyclone in COVID-19 patients with risk factors: the therapeutic potential of BCG immunization

BS Johnson, M Laloraya - Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 2020 - Elsevier
The seventh human coronavirus SARS-CoV2 belongs to the cluster of extremely pathogenic
coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause fatal lower …

Interleukin-1 in COVID-19 Infection: Immunopathogenesis and Possible Therapeutic Perspective

A Mardi, S Meidaninikjeh, S Nikfarjam… - Viral …, 2021 - liebertpub.com
The newfound coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initiated by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an international public health concern …

Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

M Catanzaro, F Fagiani, M Racchi, E Corsini… - Signal transduction and …, 2020 - nature.com
To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm

K Kuppalli, AL Rasmussen - EBioMedicine, 2020 - thelancet.com
The pathogenesis of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely depends heavily on …

The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease

R Pasrija, M Naime - International Immunopharmacology, 2021 - Elsevier
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, accompanies an unprecedented spike in
cytokines levels termed cytokines release syndrome (CRS), in critically ill patients. Clinicians …

Circulating levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as potential biomarkers of severity and mortality for COVID-19: systematic …

W Udomsinprasert, J Jittikoon… - Journal of clinical …, 2021 - Springer
Purpose Cytokine storm, an uncontrolled overproduction of inflammatory cytokines
contributing to an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major pathological feature …

Biomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: A living systematic review and meta-analysis

AKG Melo, KM Milby, ALMA Caparroz, ACPN Pinto… - PloS one, 2021 - journals.plos.org
Objective To describe the laboratory parameters and biomarkers of the cytokine storm
syndrome associated with severe and fatal COVID-19 cases. Methods A search with …

Calming the storm: natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19

AE Peter, BV Sandeep, BG Rao… - Frontiers in …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat
the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals …