We compared the effects of peripheral Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA) and formalin
injection on spinal microglia activation. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed …

Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that spinal microglia modulate the development
and maintenance of some chronic pain states. Here we examined the role of spinal …

The pharmacological attenuation of glial activation represents a novel approach for
controlling neuropathic pain, but the role of microglial and astroglial cells is not well …

Peripheral nerve injury commonly leads to neuropathic pain states fostered, in part, by
neuroimmunologic events. We used two models of neuropathic pain (L5 spinal nerve …

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible different cellular marker expression
associated with spinal cord microglial activation in different pain models …

The formalin test produces 2 well-known acute phases of nociceptive behavior. Recently, we
have shown that this same formalin test produces a third phase of nociceptive behavior …

Activation of spinal microglia and consequent release of proinflammatory mediators facilitate
pain. Under certain conditions, responses of activated microglia can become enhanced …

There is increasing evidence that spinal glial cells play an important role in chronic pain
states. However, so far no data on the role of microglia in muscle pain are available. The aim …

Background: Clinical studies of osteoarthritis (OA) suggest central sensitization may
contribute to the chronic pain experienced. This preclinical study used the monosodium …

Increased afferent input resulting from painful injury augments the activity of central
nociceptive circuits via both neuron-neuron and neuron-glia interactions. Microglia, resident …