The improvement and application of pest and disease models to analyse and predict yield
losses including those due to climate change is still a challenge for the scientific community …

Three broad phases may be distinguished in the application of the systems approach to pest
management. Prior to about 1970, much emphasis was placed on the development of …

Pests and diseases reduce yields to lower levels than those that could have been potentially
obtained, given the restrictions of climate, nutrients and crop varieties. Climatic change not …

A wide range of insects affect crop production and cause considerable yield losses.
Difficulties reside on the development and adaptation of adequate strategies to predict …

The need for pest and pathogen management will increase as the intensification of food
production proceeds to feed the burgeoning human population. Climate is a significant …

The science of climate change has matured considerably during the past decade, both
relative to the strength of the evidence documenting the ongoing anthropogenic climate …

Highlights•Investigations of climate change impacts still concentrate on few crops and
pathogens.•Climate model ensembles can quantify some uncertainty in crop disease …

Highlights•Complex processes and interactions exist between climate, crops and
insects.•Rising T o C & CO 2 levels affect insect status, result in greater crop damage/yield …

This chapter provides an overview of global climate models and their predictions for climate
through the 21st century. The review examines the scientific basis of global climate …

There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to
affect plant diseases. Climate change influences the occurrence, prevalence, and severity of …