Blind people use smartphone devices to perform many daily activities like mobile banking,
social media, shopping, health care, etc. While smartphone devices are essential tools for …

Visually impaired smartphone users are more vulnerable to cyber attacks such as visual/oral
eavesdropping and shoulder surfing. One of the prime reasons is that these users are soft …

In globalization of information, internet has played a vital role by providing an easy and fast
access of information and systems to remote users. However, with ease for authentic users …

The personal authentication technique is an essential tool in this complex and modern
digital information society. Traditionally, the most general mechanism of personal …

Mostly user select password that is predictable. This happens with both graphical and text
based passwords. Users tend to choose memorable password, unfortunately it means that …

With the widespread popularity of smartphones and mobile applications, they have
gradually penetrated and are widely used in our daily lives, eg, we use them for online …

Biometric authentication gradually replaces knowledge-based methods on mobile devices.
However, Personal Identification Numbers, passcodes, and graphical password schemes …

Passwords provide security mechanism for authentication and protection services against
unwanted access to resources. A graphical based password is one promising alternatives of …

Today's all over Word Textual passwords are the most commonly used for authentication.
But textual passwords are vulnerable to eves dropping, dictionary attacks, social …

Textual passwords are widely used in authentication method. Strong textual passwords are
hard to memorize. To address the weakness of textual password, graphical passwords are …