The first, holistic immunological model of COVID‐19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures

PM Matricardi, RW Dal Negro… - Pediatric Allergy and …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The natural history of COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is extremely variable, ranging
from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi‐organ failure, eventually …

[HTML][HTML] Understanding COVID-19 in children: immune determinants and post-infection conditions

GA Rotulo, P Palma - Pediatric research, 2023 - nature.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 in children presents with milder clinical manifestations than in
adults. On the other hand, the presence of a wide range of inflammatory manifestations …

Development of child immunity in the context of COVID-19 pandemic

M Kloc, RM Ghobrial, E Kuchar, S Lewicki, JZ Kubiak - Clinical Immunology, 2020 - Elsevier
Children, because of having an immature immune system, are usually more prone than the
adults to the microbial infections and have more severe symptoms, which is especially true …

Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives—a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology …

M Sokolowska, ZM Lukasik, I Agache, CA Akdis… - Allergy, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2
(SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization …

Age‐related differences in the immune response could contribute to determine the spectrum of severity of COVID‐19

G Costagliola, E Spada… - … inflammation and disease, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), can present with a wide spectrum of
severity. Elderly patients with cardiac, pulmonary and metabolic comorbidities are more …

Insight into the pediatric and adult dichotomy of COVID‐19: age‐related differences in the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

A Fialkowski, Y Gernez, P Arya… - Pediatric …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The difference in morbidity and mortality between adult and pediatric coronavirus disease
2019 infections is dramatic. Understanding pediatric‐specific acute and delayed immune …

Recent developments in the immunopathology of COVID‐19

H Zhang, Y Sun, Y Wang, D Yazici, D Azkur, I Ogulur… - Allergy, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
There has been an important change in the clinical characteristics and immune profile of
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients during the pandemic thanks to the …

[HTML][HTML] Pathophysiology of COVID-19: why children fare better than adults?

N Dhochak, T Singhal, SK Kabra, R Lodha - The Indian Journal of …, 2020 - Springer
The world is facing Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is causing a
large number of deaths and burden on intensive care facilities. It is caused by Severe Acute …

[HTML][HTML] Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review

R Sinaei, S Pezeshki, S Parvaresh, R Sinaei - World Journal of Pediatrics, 2021 - Springer
Background Despite the streaks of severity, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-
2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is, in general, less frequent and severe in children than in adults …

[HTML][HTML] Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators

KY Lee, JW Rhim, JH Kang - Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2020 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic
agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) …