Background: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that is known to be
associated with the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and death in both predialysis and …

Background Uremic toxins are associated with various chronic kidney disease-related
comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, reacts with vasculature …

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Indoxyl sulfate, a protein-bound uremic toxin, was found to be
accumulated in kidney tissues with a reduction in renal function. This, in turn, not only leads …

Background Emerging evidence suggests that uremic toxins, in particular indoxyl sulfate (IS)
and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease …

Background and objectives: As a major component of uremic syndrome, cardiovascular
disease is largely responsible for the high mortality observed in chronic kidney disease …

Background: Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, has cardiovascular as well as uremic
toxicity. We evaluated the prognostic value of blood IS level for long-term outcome. Methods …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a product metabolized from tryptophan, is negatively correlated with
renal function and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Introduction Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, is associated with kidney
function and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related complications. Currently, serum IS levels …

In the past years, indoxyl sulfate has been strongly implicated in kidney disease progression
and contributed to cardiovascular morbidity. Moreover, as a result of its elevated albumin …

The progression of renal dysfunction reduces serum albumin and deteriorates the binding
capacity of protein-bound uremic toxins. We evaluated the prognostic implications of serum …