The scientific foundations of the Female Athlete Triad model include low energy availability
(or energy deficiency) presenting with or without disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction …

Abstract The Female Athlete Triad represents three interrelated conditions of (i) low energy
availability (energy deficiency), presenting with or without disordered eating,(ii) menstrual …

Research on the health of female athletes has developed substantially over the past 50
years. This review aims to provide an overview of this research and identify directions for …

Purpose Low energy availability (LEA) may lead to menstrual disorders and low bone
mineral density, predisposing to the female athlete triad. The primary aim of the present …

Purpose Exercising women who consume inadequate energy relative to expenditure are at
risk for downstream health consequences, such as menstrual cycle disturbances and poor …

Background: Nutrition in sport is a priority; it is the basis for maintaining optimal health and a
prerequisite for the high performance necessary for competitions. The aim of this study was …

Energy availability is the amount of dietary energy remaining after exercise training for all
other metabolic processes. Excessively low energy availability impairs reproductive and …

Decades of laboratory research have shown impairments to several body systems after only
4–5 days of strictly controlled consistent low energy availability (LEA); where energy …

Energy status plays a key role in the health of athletes and exercising individuals. Energy
deficiency/low energy availability (EA), referring to a state in which insufficient energy intake …

The female athlete triad (Triad) refers to the interrelationships among energy availability,
menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations …