Introduction Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was originally described as a stress-
induced cytokine, and a biomarker of aging and cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized …

It is essential to find new biomarkers for severity stratification of patients with coronavirus
disease (COVID-19). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is upregulated in pathological …

To systematically explore potential biomarkers which can predict disease severity in COVID-
19 patients and prevent the occurrence or development of severe COVID-19, the levels of …

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of a transforming growth
factor-β cytokine superfamily that regulates metabolism and is released in response to …

Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a strong prognostic marker in
sepsis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prognostic value of GDF-15 in coronavirus …

Background COVID-19 leads to severe overwhelming inflammation in some patients
mediated by various cytokines (cytokine storm) that usually leads to severe illness …

To quantify the circulating levels of novel serum biomarkers including GDF-15, PIVKA-II,
sdLDL, suPAR, and of CRP in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with healthy …

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease. Uncontrolled
inflammation called “cytokine storm” is reported to contribute to disease pathogenesis as …

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily
cytokine that plays a central role in metabolism regulation. Produced in response to …