Cyber attacks have been steadily increasing and their effects have become visible in
everyday life. Sensitive information leakage from financial institutions such as Equifax …

Industrial control systems are used to automate the monitoring and control of physical
processes in large‐scale industries and critical infrastructure such as power plants, chemical …

Abstract Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) play an important role in today's industry by
providing process automation, distributed control, and process monitoring. ICS was …

An industrial control system (ICS) is a general term used for any distributed control system,
programmable logic controller, supervisory control and data acquisition or any automation …

Abstract Industrial Control Systems (ICS) play an essential role in many aspects, especially
in industrial fields and critical infrastructure worldwide. With the booming of this technology …

With the rapid development of functional requirements in the emerging Industry 4.0 era,
modern industrial control systems (ICSs) are no longer isolated islands, making them more …

Since the introduction of the computer and increasingly more so with the addition of the
Internet, the threat of hackers and viruses attacking these systems has existed. This assault …

Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working to improve
the information technology (IT) security of networked digital control systems used in …

The digital transformation of industrial control systems (ICS) has unlocked new efficiencies
and insights, but it has also introduced vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. This article delves into …

Security of SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) and other industrial control
systems (ICSs) is a complex subject, and one that has received much attention in recent …