Cancer therapies that target key molecules have not fulfilled expected promises for most
common malignancies. Major challenges include the incomplete understanding and …

During evolution, connections between the major signalling pathways were established to
provide cells with an ability to deal with perturbations of homeostasis. However, these …

The majority of diseases are associated with alterations in multiple molecular pathways and
complex interactions at the cellular and organ levels. Single-target monotherapies therefore …

Molecular alterations in cancer genes and associated signaling pathways are used to inform
new treatments for precision medicine in cancer. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal …

Despite massive investments in drug research and development, the significant decline in
the number of new drugs approved or translated to clinical use raises the question, whether …

In spite of the expensive preclinical testing, the consistent failure to translate many promising
targeted drugs from the laboratory bench to the clinic raises the question of whether the …

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, demonstrating variations with respect to
tumor types and between individual tumors. This heterogeneity has complicated the search …

Combinatorial therapeutic approaches are an imperative to improve cancer treatment,
because it is critical to impede compensatory signaling mechanisms that can engender drug …

Current drug-discovery strategies are typically 'target-centric'and are based upon high-
throughput screening of large chemical libraries against nominated targets and a selection …

Signaling networks play key homeostatic processes in living organisms but are commonly
hijacked in oncogenesis. Prominent examples include genetically altered receptor tyrosine …