Aim There are changes in blood flow during the clinical stages of diabetic retinopathy with
increasing leukostasis and secondary elaboration of cytokines. This study evaluated the …

Purpose: To assess and correlate the levels of inflammatory mediators in the eyes from non‐
diabetic and diabetic subjects without retinopathy (NDR), with non‐proliferative diabetic …

Objective: Inflammatory reaction has been shown to involve the progress of type 2 (non-
insulin-dependent) diabetes. We, therefore, examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines …

Purpose. To measure the concentrations of various cytokines in the aqueous humor from
patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Methods. All selected cataract patients …

Background Vitreal interleukin (IL)-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
α) and nitric oxide (NO) levels have previously been determined in patients with proliferative …

Background Cytokine levels are elevated in the ocular fluid of diabetic patients. It is unclear
whether aqueous humor levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin …

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the aqueous concentrations of
inflammatory and angiogenic factors and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic …

Abstract Background/Aim: Inflammatory markers have been observed in proliferative
diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We assessed vitreous concentrations of adhesion molecules …

Purpose Evidence has accumulated suggesting that various inflammatory cytokines are
involved in the progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but there are few studies concerning …

PURPOSE: To investigate the roles of endothelin-1 (ET-1), TNF-α, IL-6 in the pathogenesis
of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Vitreous and blood …