Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

ABSTRACT RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play important roles in the host defense to
numerous viral pathogens. Since they were discovered, much light has been shed on the …

During virus infection, multiple immune signaling pathways are triggered, both within the
host cell and bystander cells of an infected tissue. These pathways act in concert to mediate …

Antiviral immunity is initiated upon host recognition of viral products via non-self molecular
patterns known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Such recognition …

Virus-encoded molecular signatures, such as cytosolic double-stranded or otherwise
biochemically distinct RNA species, trigger cellular antiviral signaling. Cytoplasmic proteins …

Virus infection in mammals elicits a variety of defense responses that are initiated by signals
from virus-sensing receptors expressed by the host. These receptors include the …

Vertebrate innate immunity is characterized by an effective immune surveillance apparatus,
evolved to sense foreign structures, such as proteins or nucleic acids of invading microbes …

The RNA helicase family of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) is a key component of host defense
mechanisms responsible for detecting viruses and triggering innate immune signaling …

The co-evolution of viruses with their hosts has led to the emergence of viral pathogens that
are adept at evading or actively suppressing host immunity. Pattern recognition receptors …

The antiviral innate immune response follows the detection of viral components by host
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Two families of PRRs have emerged as key sensors of …