Iron is an essential micronutrient involved in oxidative metabolism and critical to exercise
performance. The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) is much higher in active women for a …

Iron is a functional component of oxygen transport and energy production in humans and
therefore is a critically important micronutrient for sport and exercise performance. Athletes …

Adequate body stores of iron are necessary for optimal endurance exercise performance.
Severe iron depletion resulting in overt iron-deficiency anemia clearly depresses endurance …

Iron supplementation for the iron-depleted nonanemic athlete is a controversial issue.
Athletes may be iron deficient due to poor dietary intake, significant or obligatory blood loss …

Iron is a trace mineral that is highly significant to endurance athletes. Iron is critical to optimal
athletic performance because of its role in energy metabolism, oxygen transport, and acid …

There is still debate in the literature on whether or not endurance athletes tend to have low
iron stores. In this article, we propose that endurance athletes really are at risk of becoming …

ABSTRACT RISSER, WL, EJ LEE, HBW POINDEXTER, MS WEST, JM PIVARNIK, JMH
RISSER, and JF HICKSON. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 116-121, 1988. The …

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is likely to be higher in athletic populations and
groups, especially in younger female athletes, than in healthy sedentary individuals. In …

Athletes, in particular females and adolescents, are at risk of depleting iron stores. If
untreated, iron depletion can ultimately develop into anaemia, which severely affects …

Maintaining a positive iron balance is essential for female athletes to avoid the effects of iron
deficiency and anaemia and to maintain or improve performance. A major function of iron is …