Clinical signs and symptoms, as well as medical and dental history, are all considered in the
clinical determination of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease severity. However …

Periodontitis is a complex disease:(a) various causative factors play a role simultaneously
and interact with each other; and (b) the disease is episodic in nature, and bursts of disease …

A new paradigm for the pathobiology of periodontitis is presented, and the manner in which
periodontitis may relate to susceptibility for certain systemic diseases such as cardiovascular …

Chronic adult periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that
destroys the connective tissue and bone that support teeth. Concepts of the specific …

Oral commensal bacteria actively participate with gingival tissue to maintain healthy
neutrophil surveillance and normal tissue and bone turnover processes. Disruption of this …

Periodontitis, a microbiome‐driven inflammatory disease of the tooth‐attachment apparatus,
is epidemiologically linked with other disorders, including cardio‐metabolic, cognitive …

Biofilm bacteria co‐evolve and reach a symbiosis with the host on the gingival surface. The
disruption of the homeostatic relationship between plaque bacteria and the host can initiate …

Periodontitis is an infectious, inflammatory disease that is associated with a complex
interplay between specific bacteria, host response, and environmental factors. Because of its …

The currently recognized principal forms of periodontitis—chronic and aggressive—lack an
unequivocal, pathobiology-based foundation. We explored whether gingival tissue …

Background Major scientific advances in periodontology in the past 150 years have
fundamentally changed how clinicians detect and treat periodontal diseases. These …