1. Some of the features of democracy are that it converts simple interests into rights, that it
confers such rights to private persons, individuals or enterprises, and that it ensures the …

The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community,'improving the Treaty
establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, 2 has emphasized the improvement …

The purpose of this article is to discuss enforcement of Community law rights before national
courts and the remedies available to private individuals who have their rights infringed. This …

Doubts concerning the adequacy of the protection of fundamental human rights in European
Community law have caused many to question the absolute supremacy of Community law …

The Court of Justice of the European Communities has, for two reasons, a special
responsibility to protect fundamental rights. First, in the Community legal order there exists …

Although not overtly conceived as such, the constitutive Treaties establishing the European
Communities have been construed as constitutional documents by the Court of Justice of the …

The Court of Justice has always attracted considerable attention in literature on European
law. With only a slight exaggeration, one might say that the Court is the European lawyers' …

This is not a treatise, but a collection ofEnglish-language versions ofsome 90
courtjudgments in lawsuits raising, one way or another, questions about the relationship of …

On the theme of judicial protection, initial attention during the first fifteen years of the
European Economic Community largely focussed on the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice …

Most public international lawyers havesome acquaintancewith the work of the Commission
and Court set up under the Council of Europe's European Convention on Human Rights,'but …